Association between Periodontitis, Smoking, and Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional

Abstract

Background: This study examines the link between periodontitis and the occurrence of psoriasis, particularly exploring the influence of smoking on this association.

Materials and Methods: A sample of 464 adults, divided equally between those with periodontitis (n = 232) and those without (n = 232), was analyzed. Baseline data included demographic details, smoking habits, and medical history for hypertension and diabetes. Psoriasis incidence rates were calculated/100 personyears, with subgroup analysis by periodontitis and smoking status. Cox proportional hazards models assessed psoriasis risk in individuals with periodontitis, accounting for smoking status and other covariates. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis illustrated the cumulative psoriasis incidence across groups.

Results: Participants had an average age of 47.5 years (±9.8), and 52% were male. Smoking was more prevalent in the periodontitis group (34%) than in the non-periodontitis group (18%, P < 0.01). The psoriasis incidence was 4.0 cases/100 person-years among participants with periodontitis, compared to 2.6 in those without. Smokers with periodontitis exhibited the highest psoriasis incidence rate, at 4.8 cases/100 person-years. Cox analysis showed that individuals with periodontitis had a higher risk of psoriasis (hazard ratios [HR] 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03–1.87, P = 0.03), with an amplified risk in smokers (HR 1.61, 95% CI 1.17–2.15, P = 0.01). Kaplan–Meier curves indicated a significantly higher cumulative psoriasis incidence in smokers with periodontitis (log-rank test, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: Periodontitis is associated with a greater likelihood of developing psoriasis, especially among smokers. Targeted interventions for periodontal health and smoking cessation may reduce psoriasis risk in this population.

Key words: Bareilly population, Cohort study, Inflammation, Periodontitis, Psoriasis, Smoking