Comprehensive Clinicopathological Observational Study of Orofacial Cysts: An Institutional-based Retrospective Assessment

Abstract

 Background: Orofacial cysts are pathologic cavities. Most cysts, but not all, are lined by the epithelium. They could be symptomatic and may cause facial disfigurement. However, among orofacial cysts, odontogenic cysts constitute the major part of lesions as compared to non-odontogenic cysts. Thus, analysis of orofacial cysts aids in accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and prevention of potential complications.

Aim: This study aims to determine the prevalence and distribution of histopathologically diagnosed orofacial cysts in an Institution.

Materials and Methods: An observational study of histopathologically proven orofacial cysts over a period of 11 years was analyzed regarding the prevalence, age, gender, site, radiographic features, and histopathological diagnosis.

Results: A total of 3610 cases were histopathologically reported, of which 455 (13%) were orofacial cysts. Out of all the cysts, maximum cases of 123 (27%) were odontogenic keratocyst, followed by radicular cysts 109 (24%) and 96 (21.1%) mucous extravasation cysts. Most commonly occurring cases in the age group of 16–30 years were 212 (46.6%), with a male predominance of 279 (61.3%). The common site of occurrence was in the mandible with 170 (50.7%) cases, and overall orofacial cysts were located in the posterior region with 234 (51.4%) cases. Radiographically, unilocular radiolucency was observed in 312 (93.1%) cases and well-defined pattern in 327 (97.6%) cases.

Conclusion: These findings emphasize the importance of routine dental evaluations for early detection and management. Further research is warranted to explore potential risk factors and improve preventive strategies. Key words: Mucous extravasation cyst, Odontogenic keratocyst, Orofacial cyst, Radicular cyst