From Static to Dynamic: 4D Printing’s Impact on Modern Dentistry

Abstract

O4D printing, advancement from 3D printing, offers dynamic, adaptive materials through stimuli-responsive technology, with transformative potential in dentistry. Unlike traditional static 3D-printed structures, 4D-printed materials can change shape over time, addressing issues, such as microleakage, polymerization shrinkage, and dimensional changes in dental restorations. Applications extend across prosthodontics, implant dentistry, and temporomandibular surgeries, providing patient-specific, responsive solutions. However, material safety, regulatory hurdles, and high costs remain challenges. Continued research aims to enhance material biocompatibility, improve regulatory compliance, and reduce production costs for clinical adoption.

Key words: 4D printing applications, 4D printing dentistry, 4D printing prosthetics, 4D printing technology